解析OCR与Voting Disk以及其管理_Oracle数据库_黑客防线网安服务器维护基地--Powered by WWW.RONGSEN.COM.CN

解析OCR与Voting Disk以及其管理

作者:黑客防线网安Oracle维护基地 来源:黑客防线网安Oracle维护基地 浏览次数:0

本篇关键词:Oracle数据库Oracle教程
黑客防线网安网讯:    Voting Disk和OCR是Oracle Clusterware的2部分。Voting Disk里面记录着节点成员的信息。如RAC数据库中有哪些节点成员,节点增加或者删除时也同样会将信息记录进来。Voting Disk必须存放...
    Voting Disk和OCR是Oracle Clusterware的2部分Voting Disk里面记录着节点成员的信息如RAC数据库中有哪些节点成员节点增加或者删除时也同样会将信息记录进来。Voting Disk必须存放在共享存储上通常来说是存放在裸设备上。为了保证Voting Disk的安全,需要配置多个Voting Disk,Oracle建议Voting Disk的个数应该为奇数个,如 1、3、5个,每个Voting Disk的大小约为20MB。
OCR 记录的是节点成员的配置信息,如数据库、ASM、实例、监听器、VIP等CRS资源的配置信息。CRS进程管理的信息来自OCR的内容。OCR存储的配置信息是以目录树的形式来记录一系列“键-值”对应信息的。OCR记录着 CRS进程管理资源的所有配置信息。大小约为100MB。
对Voting Disk的更改必须用root来进行。
添加一个Voting Disk成员:crsctl add css votedisk /dev/raw/raw3'
删除一个Voting Disk成员:crsctl delete css votedisk /dev/raw/raw3'
对OCR的增加、删除和替代配置可以由root用户通过ocrconfig -replace来操作:
ocrconfig -replace /dev/raw/raw1
注意:增加、删除Voting Disk及恢复Voting Disk和OCR时,RAC中的所有资源都必须停止。
Voting Disk和OCR存放的信息是至关重要的,一旦他们丢失或者损坏的话,Clusterware将无法启动,这样整个RAC都无法启动。因此需要对Voting Disk和OCR进行完备的备份。
对Voting Disk的备份操作可以通过dd命令来操作。
查看位置:
#crsctl query css votedisk
备份操作:
#dd if=/dev/raw/raw2 f=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak
恢复操作:
#dd if=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak f=/dev/raw/raw2
默认情况下,RAC会在其中一个节点上每4个小时都自动备份一次OCR。并保留最近的3次备份,另外还保留最近两天以及最近两个周末的备份。这个可以通过命令ocrconfig -showbackup来查看。OCR默认的备份路径为$CRS_HOME/cdata/crs。可以通过ocrconfig -backuploc来更改OCR的备份路径。OCR自动备份的时间间隔无法修改。我们还可以通过ocrconfig -export 来到处OCR的内容,也可以通过通过ocrconfig -import导入OCR的内容。
可以用ocrconfig -restore 命令对OCR进行恢复。
./ocrconfig -restore /u01/oracle/product/10g/crs/cdata/crs/backup00.ocr
添加Voting Disk:
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl add css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
Cluster is not in a ready state for online disk addition
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl add css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2-force
Now formatting voting disk: /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
successful addition of votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2. chown oracle:oinstall /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
chmod 775 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
[root@rhel1 bin]# /etc/init.crs start
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl query css votedisk
0. 0 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
1. 0 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
注意:add voting disk必须是所有服务都关闭的情况下完成。
添加OCR镜像:
[root@rhel1 bin]# touch /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2756
Available space (kbytes) : 259364
ID : 2062708016
Device/File Name : /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File Name : /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
注意:add ocr可以是在线完成。
删除OCR镜像:
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2756
Available space (kbytes) : 259364
ID : 2062708016
Device/File Name : /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
[root@rhel1 bin]#cat /etc/oracle/ocr.loc
#Device/file /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2 being deleted
ocrconfig_loc=/u01/ocfs2fs/ocr 删除Voting Disk:
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl delete css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
Cluster is not in a ready state for online disk removal
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources. This could take several minutes.
Successfully stopped CRS resources.
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl delete css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
Cluster is not in a ready state for online disk removal
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl delete css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2-force
successful deletion of votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2.
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl query css votedisk
0. 0 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
located 1 votedisk(s).
备份、恢复Voting Disk:
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl check crs
Failure 1 contacting CSS daemon
Cannot communicate with CRS
Cannot communicate with EVM
[root@rhel1 bin]# dd if=/u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk f=/home/oracle/vdisk_bak //备份,ocfs2也可直接copy
20000+0 records in
20000+0 records out
10240000 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.301106 seconds, 34.0 MB/s
[root@rhel1 bin]# rm -rf /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
[root@rhel1 bin]#dd if=/home/oracle/vdisk_bak f=/u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk //恢复,ocfs2也可直接copy
20000+0 records in
20000+0 records out
10240000 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.173678 seconds, 59.0 MB/s
[root@rhel1 bin]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
[root@rhel1 bin]# chmod 775 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
[root@rhel1 bin]#/etc/init.d/init.crs start
Startup will be queued to init within 30 seconds.
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthy
备份、恢复OCR:
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources. This could take several minutes.
Successfully stopped CRS resources.
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
[root@rhel1 bin]# cat /etc/oracle/ocr.loc
#Device/file /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2 being deleted
ocrconfig_loc=/u01/ocfs2fs/ocr
local_only=false
[root@rhel1 bin]# mv /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr_bak
[root@rhel1 crs_1]# cd cdata
[root@rhel1 cdata]# cd crs
[root@rhel1 crs]# ll
total 23144
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Mar 1 11:00 13968559
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Mar 1 07:00 33426182
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3182592 Mar 8 15:17 34809936
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Feb 27 09:38 backup00.ocr
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Feb 8 06:02 backup01.ocr
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 2142208 Nov 8 19:25 backup02.ocr
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 2142208 Nov 8 19:25 day.ocr
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 2142208 Nov 8 19:25 week.ocr
[root@rhel1 crs]# cd ../../bin
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./ocrconfig -restore /u01/app/oracle/crs_1/cdata/crs/backup02.ocr
PROT-16: Internal Error
[root@rhel1 bin]#touch /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrconfig -restore /u01/app/oracle/crs_1/cdata/crs/backup02.ocr
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthy
查看和改变自动备份目录的命令如下:
./ocrconfig -showbackup //查看自动备份。
./ocrconfig -backuploc //改变自动备份目录。
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